Ketone-functionalized Pheromone

Ketone-functionalized Pheromone List

Insect pheromones are chemical information substances that play an important role in communication between individuals of the same species insects during courtship, foraging, roosting, egg-laying and self-defense. This kind of insect pheromones mainly include sex pheromone, aggregation pheromone, tracer pheromone, alarm pheromone, evacuation pheromone, queen pheromone and others. There are also chemical mediators that transmit information between different species of insects and between insects and other organisms, which mainly include allomone, kairomones and synergy. Ketone functionality insect pheromones that contain ketone group is an important branch of insect pheromones. Due to the wide applications of ketone functionality insect pheromones in many fields, which has received more and more attention.

Classification:

• Ketone functionality insect pheromones of fruit fly: Ketone functionality insect pheromones are important sex pheromones of fruit fly species, which plays an important role in their mating process. In the agricultural field, the female flies will lay their eggs in the young fruit, and the larvae feed on the fruit, stem and flowers, which has a seriously bad impact on the quality of the fruit. Cuelure is a type of ketone functionality insect pheromones, which can effectively prevent and control the harm of fruit flies to fruits and melons. Therefore, its application can greatly improve the quality and yield of fruits and melons. The structural formula of cuelure is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1. The structural formula of cuelure.

• Ketone functionality insect pheromones of cigarette beetle: The insect pheromones of cigarette beetle also include ketone functionality insect pheromones. Cigarette beetle can damage the storage of tobacco leaves, tea leaves and grain grains. On the one hand, tobacco beetle larvae eat stored tobacco and tea leaves and cause mildew. On the other hand, tobacco beetles can also eat into grain and other caches. The (7S)–(–)-4,6-dimethyl–7–hydroxy–3-nononeinsect pheromone is a kind of ketone functionality insect pheromones, which can be used to trap the tobacco beetle, and then realize the control of tobacco beetle.
• Others: There are many other types of ketone functionality insect pheromones. For example, Z–7–eicosene–11–ketone and Z–7–decadecene–11–ketone are the sex pheromones of the peach insect.

Applications:

• Population monitoring: Ketone functionality insect pheromones can be used as tools for insect surveillance and investigation. It is very important to predict the occurrence time and quantity of pests in advance for proper control. Due to their high sensitivity, good accuracy, simple operation and low cost, ketone functionality insect pheromones have been widely used in the field of population monitoring.
• Mass entrapment: Ketone functionality insect pheromones can attract the opposite sex to reduce the population of insects and reduce the harm of the next generation. Ketone functionality insect pheromones of cigarette beetle and fruit fly are typical pheromones that can be used to trap harmful insects in large quantities.
• Others: Ketone functionality insect pheromones have many other applications, such as interfering with mating, coordinating insect control, and distinguishing between related species and others. Moreover, it is significant to combine sex pheromone with chemical sterility agent, virus, bacteria, and others to realize pet control.